"Hall of Records across a small valley behind the sculpted heads on Mount Rushmore."

Sculptor Gutzon Borglum, 1939 The Idea Gutzon Borglum had long dreamed of creating a written description to accompany the giant sculpture on Mount Rushmore.

The original idea for the memorial included a large inscription or entablature to be carved alongside the figures.

The entablature would describe the nine most important events in the history of the United States from 1776 to 1906 (From Washington to Roosevelt.

It was to be about 80 by 120 feet in the shape of the Louisiana Purchase. This plan failed for two critical reasons.

First, the text could not be made large enough to read at such a great distance. Also, after relocating the Jefferson head, that section of the mountain was needed for the Lincoln head. Because of these difficulties, another more lasting plan was developed. Location Borglum next planned to create a large room within the mountain. This chamber would hold the documents and artifacts most central to American democratic history.

The proposed large room, 80 by 100 feet was to be drilled into the north wall of the small canyon behind the faces. His scheme also called for an 800-foot granite stairway to reach the room.

The steps would begin near his studio, rise gradually to meet the canyon mouth behind Lincoln’s head, and then lead to the entrance of the great hall.

The Plan

The recesses inside this hall would house bronze and glass cabinets containing important historical documents, such as the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Also included in the hall would be busts of famous Americans and a list of U.S. contributions to the world in science, industry and the arts. The entrance would be 20 feet high by 14 feet wide with cast glass doors opening into a higher chamber.

A bronze eagle, with a wingspread of 38 feet, would be placed above the door. Words inscribed over the eagle would read:

"America’s Onward March" and "The Hall of Records." Construction Construction of the hall took place between July 1938 and July 1939, when a 70-foot tunnel was blasted into the mountain.

It remains very rough cut, and tapers to a point at the back.

Work halted in 1939 when Congress directed that construction should be executed only on the faces. With Borglum’s death in 1941 and American involvement in World War II, all work on the memorial came to a close on October 31, 1941.

The Hall of Records Today Although Borglum’s grand scheme for the Hall of Records had to be abandoned, the idea remained. On August 9, 1998, Gutzon Borglum’s dream was completed when a repository of records was placed in the floor of the hall entry.

This repository consists of a teakwood box, inside a titanium vault, covered by a granite capstone. Etched on the capstone is the following quote by Gutzon Borglum:

"...let us place there, carved high, as close to heaven as we can, the words of our leaders, their faces, to show posterity what manner of men they were.

Then breathe a prayer that these records will endure until the wind and rain alone shall wear them away."

The repository contains sixteen porcelain enamel panels. Inscribed on the panels is the story of how Mount Rushmore came to be carved, who carved it, the reasons for selecting the four presidents depicted on the mountain and a short history of the United States.

This repository is not accessible to visitors but is left as a record for people thousands of years from now who may wonder how and why Mount Rushmore was carved. 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid02YerkTgwF5NtXH2GybbRtcofWvrFywUj5tycxDdDapb35LgTD4NKSVEfbG6wFvJhvl&id=100063621404429

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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840.

This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. 

Output greatly increased, and a result was an unprecedented rise in population and in the rate of population growth.

References 

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution

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https://curlie.org/Society/History/By_Time_Period/Eighteenth_Century/Industrial_Revolution/

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https://www.erih.net/how-it-started/industrial-history-of-european-countries

Fourth Industrial Revolution

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, 4IR, or Industry 4.0, conceptualizes rapid change to technology, industries, and societal patterns and processes in the 21st century due to increasing interconnectivity and smart automation. 

The term has been used widely in scientific literature, and in 2015 was popularized by Klaus Schwab, the World Economic Forum Founder and Executive chairman. 

Schwab asserts that the changes seen are more than just improvements to efficiency, but express a significant shift in industrial capitalism.

In essence, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the trend towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes which include cyber-physical systems (CPS), IoT, industrial internet of things, cloud computing, cognitive computing, and artificial intelligence.

The machines cannot replace the deep expertise but it tend to be more efficient than humans in performing repetitive functions, and the combination of machine learning and computational power allows machines to carry out highly complicated tasks.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has been defined as technological developments in cyber-physical systems such as high capacity connectivity; new human-machine interaction modes such as touch interfaces and virtual reality systems; and improvements in transferring digital instructions to the physical world including robotics and 3D printing (additive manufacturing); the Internet of Things (IoT); “big data” and cloud computing; artificial intelligence-based systems; improvements to and uptake of Off-Grid / Stand-Alone Renewable Energy Systems: solar, wind, wave, hydroelectric and the electric batteries (lithium-ion renewable energy storage systems (ESS) and EV).

The Fourth Industrial Revolution marks the beginning of the imagination age.

References 

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagination_age

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925527320301559

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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05624-1_1

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https://www.jstor.org/stable/26588339

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https://www.techradar.com/news/what-is-industry-40-everything-you-need-to-know

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"Earthquake"

The SS Dongola's captain reported that, while he was anchored in Yokohama's inner harbor:

"At 11.55 a.m. ship commenced to tremble and vibrate violently and on looking towards the shore it was seen that a terrible earthquake was taking place, buildings were collapsing in all directions and in a few minutes nothing could be seen for clouds of dust. When these cleared away fire could be seen starting in many directions and in half an hour the whole city was in flames."

This earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, and the surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region.

The earthquake's force was so great that in Kamakura, over 60 km (37 mi) from the epicenter, it moved the Great Buddha statue, which weighs about 121 tonnes, almost 60 centimeters. Estimated casualties totaled about 142,800 deaths, including about 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead.

According to the Japanese construction company Kajima Kobori Research's conclusive report of September 2004, 105,385 deaths were confirmed in the 1923 quake. The damage from this natural disaster was one of the greatest sustained by Imperial Japan. In 1960, on the 37th anniversary of the quake, the government declared September 1 an annual "Disaster Prevention Day".

Read about

https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/books/review/Heilbrunn.t.html

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake

https://archive.org/details/winningoffareast00guli

https://archive.org/details/yokohamaburningd00hamm

http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=11103

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"The sandstone temples had been hand-sawn into over 1,000 pieces and shifted 200 yards inland to avoid potential flooding due to the new Aswan High Dam.

The complex was "relocated" in its entirety in 1968 under the supervision of a Polish archaeologist, Kazimierz Michałowski, from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw, on an artificial hill made from a domed structure, high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir. 

The relocation of the temples was necessary or they would have been submerged during the creation of Lake Nasser, the massive artificial water reservoir formed after the building of the Aswan High Dam on the River Nile. 

The project was carried out as part of the UNESCO Nubian Salvage Campaign."

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Simbel

https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&q=abu+simbel,+egypt&sll=22.35214,31.615734&sspn=0.082716,0.172005&z=18&ll=22.3366,31.625497&spn=0.002585,0.005375&t=k&om=1

https://madainproject.com/science_preserves_the_treasures_of_the_nile

https://pcma.uw.edu.pl/en/2019/12/11/abu-simbel-2/

"Mainstream narrative"

AbuSimbel Temple (Ramses II )

In the southern region of Nubia near the Sudanese border. 

Here stands the Great Temple of RamsesII, The temple faces east at a very precise angle.

Just twice a year in the early morning, the sun slowly creeps into the cavernous temple through its large chambers and narrow halls and illuminates its inner sanctum. 

This scientific phenomenon occurs on February 22 and October 22, the dates of RamsesII’s birthday and coronation, respectively. For only a few hours, the back wall of the innermost shrine is illuminated, mystically lighting up the three statues of Ramses II

The temples are situated 165 miles south of Aswan the largest temple consists of 12 chambers extending 200 yards back into the rock and its façade measures about 33 yards in the width. 

The front is adorned with four beautiful statues of RamsesII each of which stands 21 yards high facing the rising sun. Short distance away is the small temple dedicated to Queen Nefertari. 

These 3200 year old temples were menaced by the rising level of the Nile waters following the construction of the High Dam and for the purpose of preserving this unique complex, teams of experts used modern technology for cutting the monuments into blocks to restore them safely, stone by stone on higher site out of reach of the water.

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A secret gathering at a secluded island off the coast of Georgia in 1910 laid the foundations for the Federal Reserve System. “In November, 1910, I was invited to join a small group of men who, at Senator Aldrich’s request, were to take part in a several days’ conference with him, to discuss the form that the new banking bill should take. … when the conference closed … the rough draft of what later became the Aldrich Bill had been agreed upon ... The results of the conference were entirely confidential. Even the fact that there had been a meeting was not permitted to become public. … Though eighteen years have gone by, I do not feel free to give a description of this most interesting conference concerning which Senator Aldrich pledged all participants to secrecy. I understand, however, a history of Senator Aldrich’s life … will contain an authorized account to of this episode”  (Warburg 1930, pp. 58-60).

Read more about

https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/jekyll-island-conference

Before the Fed: The Historical Precedents of the Federal Reserve System 1791–1913 The United States made several attempts to regulate banks and manage the money supply at a national level before the creation of the Federal Reserve System.

https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/before-the-fed

Cartoon entitled "General Jackson Slaying the Many-Headed Monster" (1836). (Prints, Drawings and Watercolors from the Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection. Brown Digital Repository. Brown University Library.

https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:233911/

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- also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim,[a] are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE.

Their traditional diaspora language is Yiddish (a West Germanic language with Jewish linguistic elements, including the Hebrew alphabet), which developed during the Middle Ages after they had moved from Germany and France into Northern Europe and Eastern Europe. 

For centuries, Ashkenazim in Europe used Hebrew only as a sacred language until the revival of Hebrew as a common language in 20th-century Israel.

Throughout their numerous centuries living in Europe, Ashkenazim have made many important contributions to its philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music, and science.

The rabbinical term Ashkenazi refers to diaspora Jews who established communities along the Rhine in western Germany and northern France during the Middle Ages.

 Upon their arrival, they adapted traditions carried over from the Holy Land, Babylonia, and the western Mediterranean to their new European environment.

The Ashkenazi religious rite developed in cities such as Mainz, Worms, and Troyes. The eminent rishon from medieval France, Shlomo Itzhaki, has had a significant influence on the interpretations of Judaism by Ashkenazim.

In the late Middle Ages, due to widespread persecution, the majority of the Ashkenazi population steadily shifted eastward, moving out of the Holy Roman Empire into the areas that later became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; these areas today comprise parts of present-day Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine.

Over the course of the late-18th and 19th centuries, those Jews who remained in or returned to historical German lands generated a cultural reorientation; under the influence of the Haskalah and the struggle for emancipation as well as the intellectual and cultural ferment in urban centres, they gradually abandoned the use of Yiddish and adopted German while developing new forms of Jewish religious life and cultural identity.

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References 

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/14

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http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n4/full/5201764a.html

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https://web.archive.org/web/20131020004618/http://hugr.huji.ac.il/AshkenaziJews.aspx

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http://www.ima.org.il/IMAJ/ViewArticle.aspx?aId=2748

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Sephardi Jews 

(Hebrew: יהדות ספרד, romanized: Yahadut Sefarad, transl. Jewry of Hispania; Ladino: Djudíos Sefardíes), also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim,[a] and referred to by modern scholars as Hispanic Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in traditionally established communities in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). 

The term Sephardim, derived from Hebrew Sefarad (lit. 'Spain'), also sometimes refers to the Mizrahi Jews of Western Asia and North Africa. 

Although the millennia-long established latter groups did not originally have ancestry from the Jewish communities of Iberia, the majority of them were influenced by the Sephardi style of liturgy, law, and customs from the influence of Maimonides; many Iberian Jewish exiles later sought refuge in those pre-existing Jewish communities over the course of the last few centuries, resulting in a conflation of terms.

Largely expelled from the Iberian Peninsula in the late 15th century, Sephardim carried a distinctive Jewish diasporic identity with them to North Africa, including modern-day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt; Southern Europe and Southeastern Europe, including France, Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, and North Macedonia; Western Asia, including Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Iran; as well as the Americas (although in smaller numbers compared to the Ashkenazi Jewish diaspora); and all other places of their exiled settlement. They sometimes settled near existing Jewish communities, such as the one from former Kurdistan, or were the first in new frontiers, with their furthest reach via the Silk Road.

The millennial residence of the Sephardim as an open and organized Jewish community in Iberia began to decline with the Reconquista, a lengthy Christian military campaign that retook control of the Iberian Peninsula after the 8th-century Arab-Muslim conquest; that community's decline began with the Alhambra Decree by Spain's Catholic Monarchs in 1492.

 In 1496, Portuguese king Manuel I issued an edict of expulsion for Jews and Muslims.

 These actions resulted in a combination of internal and external migrations, mass conversions, and executions. 

In 2015, both Spain and Portugal passed laws allowing Sephardim who could prove their ancestral origins in those countries to apply for citizenship; the Spanish law that offered expedited citizenship to Sephardic Jews expired in 2019, but Portuguese citizenship is still available.

Historically, the vernacular languages of the Sephardim and their descendants have been variants of either Spanish or Portuguese, though they have also adopted and adapted other languages. 

The historical forms of Spanish that differing Sephardic communities spoke communally was related to the date of their departure from Iberia and their status at that time as either New Christians or Jews. 

Judaeo-Spanish, also called Ladino, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish that was spoken by the eastern Sephardim who settled in the Eastern Mediterranean after their expulsion from Spain in 1492; Haketia (also known as "Tetouani" in Algeria), an Arabic-influenced variety of Judaeo-Spanish, was spoken by North African Sephardim who settled in the region after the 1492 Spanish expulsion.

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References 

https://qz.com/427032/mapped-where-sephardic-jews-live-after-they-were-kicked-out-of-spain-500-years-ago/

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http://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/expulsao-dos-judeus-de-portugal/

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"Mapped: Where Sephardic Jews live after they were kicked out of Spain 500 years ago"

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https://www.sephardicbrotherhood.com/spanish-portuguese-citizenship

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http://www.sephardicgen.com/bibliographies.htm

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardi_Jews

"Ashkenazi or Ashkenazim (from Hebrew אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי "Ashkenazi"; are the Jews from Central and Eastern Europe.  

The term comes from the medieval Hebrew term for Germany, called Ashkenaz.

 An exemplification of some of the most common Ashkenazi surnames among the Jewish population of Central Europe are: Stern, Stein, Bronstein, Sternberg, Feldman, Feldstein, Grinstein, Egert, Bloch and notorious as part of the Freud family."

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